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<title>Repossession</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Repossession</span></span>

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<p><b>Repossession</b>, commonly referred to as <b>repo</b>, is a "<a href="Self-help_(law)" title="Self-help (law)">self-help</a>" type of action in which the party having the <a href="Right_of_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of ownership">right of ownership</a> of a property takes the property in question back from the party having <a href="Right_of_possession" title="Right of possession">right of possession</a> without invoking court proceedings. The property may then be sold by either the <a href="Financial_institution" title="Financial institution">financial institution</a> or third party sellers.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The extent to which repossession is authorized, and how it may be executed, greatly varies in different jurisdictions (see below). When a lender cannot find the collateral, cannot peacefully obtain it through self-help repossession, or the jurisdiction does not allow self-help repossession, the alternative legal remedy to order the borrower to return the goods (prior to judgment) is <a href="Replevin" title="Replevin">replevin</a>.

</p><p>The <a href="Security_interest" title="Security interest">security interest</a> over the <a href="Collateral_(finance)" title="Collateral (finance)">collateral</a> is often known as a <a href="Lien" title="Lien">lien</a>. The lender/creditor is known as the lienholder.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General">General</h2></div>

<p>The existence and handling of repossessions varies greatly between <a href="Jurisdictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurisdictions">jurisdictions</a>. In most jurisdictions outside of the U.S., self-help is limited to <a href="Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, and otherwise the right of possession can only be enforced by a <a href="Court" title="Court">court</a> or other official agents.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2></div>

<p>When a provision of law requires that repossession takes place, the lien holder has a <i>non-delegatable</i> obligation not to cause a <i><a href="Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">breach of the peace</a></i> (which is synonymous with <a href="Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">disturbing the peace</a>) in performing the repossession or the repossession will be reversed, and the party ordering the repossession will be liable for damages (or the lienholder will be held responsible). This requirement not to breach the peace includes even if the breach is caused by the debtor objecting to or resisting the repossession. In <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=18001802465783784125"><i>MBank El Paso v. Sanchez</i> (1992)</a>, <a href="Court_citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Court citation">836 S.W.2d 151</a>, where a repossession agent towed away a car even after the loanee locked herself in it, the court decided that this was an unlawful breach of the peace and declared the repossession invalid. The debtor was also awarded $1,200,000 in damages from the bank involved. Repossession also generally does not apply to real property. Real property is generally subject to a cause of action known as <a href="Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">foreclosure</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Procedure_of_a_repossession">Procedure of a repossession</h3></div>

<p>In the United States, repossessions are carried out pursuant to state laws that permit a creditor with a <a href="Security_interest" title="Security interest">security interest</a> in goods to take possession of those goods if the debtor defaults under the contract that created the security interest. In particular, all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia have enacted (with minor variations) Article 9 of the <a href="Uniform_Commercial_Code" title="Uniform Commercial Code">Uniform Commercial Code</a>, which generally permits security interest holders to repossess goods if a debtor is in default and the repossession can be conducted without a <a href="Breach_of_the_peace" title="Breach of the peace">breach of the peace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Being "in default" means that the debtor has failed to fulfill his or her obligations under the contract. The most common forms of default resulting in repossession are failing to make required payments and failing to maintain adequate insurance coverage.

</p><p>Many U.S. states have enacted additional laws that apply specifically to the repossession of purchased and leased automobiles, and which are intended to afford additional consumer protections.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typical requirements include mandating that auto lenders provide consumers with opportunities to either "reinstate" or "redeem" their purchase or lease contracts after their vehicles have been repossessed. A "reinstatement" entails a consumer paying all of his or her past due amounts plus the creditor's repossession expenses, and then reacquiring the automobile as if the repossession had not occurred. A "redemption" entails the consumer paying off the entire contract balance and then being given ownership of the vehicle free and clear of any contract obligations. If these instances do not occur and the vehicle becomes repossessed, the lien holder is required to notify the debtor of their intent to sell the property. This is usually in the form of a letter that states that if the amount owed is not paid within ten business days, the entity officially takes ownership and may sell the property.

</p><p>Some consumers believe that they are legally entitled to a "grace period" that prevents creditors from repossessing goods until the payments are a certain number of days overdue. In reality, grace periods are non-compulsory business practices that have been adopted by most consumer lenders through a term in the lending contract.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is nothing legally preventing a creditor with a security interest from repossessing the goods if a payment is late - even if it is only one day overdue - unless the lender has agreed otherwise as a binding term of contract.

</p><p>Various objects can be repossessed, including <a href="Boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Boats">boats</a> and <a href="Aircraft" title="Aircraft">aircraft</a>, but most repossession agencies focus on <a href="Car" title="Car">car</a> repossession. The repo agent normally uses a <a href="Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">tow truck</a> or <a href="Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup truck</a> with a special towing attachment called a boom. They also may obtain the key from the car owner. Usually, the vehicle owner must be notified of a repossession. The repossession agent will find the car and check its information such as the <a href="Vehicle_identification_number" title="Vehicle identification number">vehicle identification number</a> (VIN) to make sure they have the right vehicle. If there is a match, they will attempt to hook up the car to the tow truck and tow it away or pick the lock and drive it away. However doing so does not absolve the repossession agent's requirement to be covered under an active insurance policy for the vehicle under the applicable criminal traffic laws. Thus, an agent who elects to do this may be subject to arrest for the violation of criminal traffic laws which apply to insurance requirements. Repossession agents cannot legally cross locked and enclosed storage spaces such as gates and garages. They also may not move a vehicle to gain access to another vehicle.

</p><p>Repossession does not necessarily satisfy the loan. If the repossessor sells the asset for an appropriate amount, and if that amount is less than the amount of the loan, and if the repossessor sues the debtor for the balance (plus reasonable fees if applicable) in a timely manner, the debtor may be liable to pay the balance (sometimes called the "deficiency").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case the creditor will be liable for <a href="Contributory_negligence" title="Contributory negligence">contributory negligence</a> if the creditor auctions the property for less than applicable <a href="Market_value" title="Market value">fair market value</a>. This is because such a failure directly contributes to any remaining deficiency. To avoid this liability, financial institutions will document a source (such as <a href="Kelley_Blue_Book" title="Kelley Blue Book">Kelley Blue Book</a> or <a href="National_Automobile_Dealers_Association" title="National Automobile Dealers Association">NADA</a>) to price the collateral for sale. They will also document the condition of the vehicle to justify the sales price of it.

</p><p>Whether a debtor is actually liable for a balance depends on jurisdiction and on the details of the loan contract. In the case of a <a href="Nonrecourse_debt" title="Nonrecourse debt">nonrecourse debt</a>, for example, the debtor is not personally liable for a deficiency.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h2></div>

<p>Repossession is possible with <a href="Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, commercial and domestic properties.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="England_and_Wales">England and Wales</h3></div>

<p>These numbers and text relate to home mortgage repossessions in England.

</p>

<dl><dd><i>Number of repossessions in England</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl>

<th>Claims Issued</th>

<th>Claims Leading To An Order</th>

<th>Properties Taken Into Possession

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>43,900

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>75,500

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>68,600

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>58,600

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>49,200

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>49,400

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>42,600

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>32,800

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>33,900

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>29,200

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>22,900

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>18,200

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>12,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>8,500

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>8,200

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>14,500

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>21,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>25,900

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>40,000

</td></tr>

<tr>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>In 2010, there was a downward trend in the number of repossessions, as lenders seized 9,400 properties in April, May and June, 400 fewer than in the first quarter of 2010, according to the Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Germany">Germany</h2></div>

<p>Repossession by self-help is generally illegal and constitutes <a href="Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>. In most cases, if the debtor is unable or unwilling to pay an outstanding debt, the creditor must first obtain either a court order authorizing the repossession (<i>Vollstreckungsbescheid</i>, only possible if the debtor does not contest the debt) or a regular court judgment. The debt must then be collected by an officer of the court (<i>Gerichtsvollzieher</i>) who exclusively may use force to collect the debt, such as opening a door or enlisting help from police. Neither the creditor nor private debt collection agencies may use force or seize property against the will of the debtor.

</p><p>Specific forms of self-help repossession for <a href="Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> are legal. For example, a landlord may seize the tenant's property in a rented object if there are outstanding payments.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Italy">Italy</h2></div>

<p>In Italy, repossession is possible only if an executive order by a court is issued<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and must be performed by a special <a href="Public_official" class="mw-redirect" title="Public official">public official</a> only (<i>ufficiale giudiziario</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Repossession by self-help is in general illegal and constitutes <a href="Theft" title="Theft">theft</a>. Repossession by self-help of a stolen property is legal only if made by the owner of the property and without using any force against objects or people.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Detinue" title="Detinue">Detinue</a> – Legal action to recover for the wrongful taking of personal property</li>

<li><a href="Distraint" title="Distraint">Distraint</a> – Seizure of property to obtain payments</li>

<li><a href="Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">Foreclosure</a> – Legal process where a lender recoups an unpaid loan</li>

<li><a href="Lien" title="Lien">Lien</a> – Security on property or debt</li>

<li><a href="Replevin" title="Replevin">Replevin</a> – Legal remedy</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/articles/0144-vehicle-repossession">"Vehicle Repossession"</a>. 7 May 2021.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/9/article9.htm#s9-609">Section 9-609</a> of the Uniform Commercial Code</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebankruptcysite.org/resources/car-repossession-notices-lender-must-provide.htm">"Car Repossession: Notices the Lender Must Provide"</a>. <i>www.thebankruptcysite.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Web sites describing <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohiobar.org/ForPublic/Resources/LawYouCanUse/Pages/LawYouCanUse-664.aspx">Ohio's</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/autos/aut14.shtm">Vehicle Repossession: Understanding the Rules of the Road</a>, Federal Trade Commission, November 2008. Retrieved 2011-02-16</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFoundation" class="citation web cs1">Foundation, Internet Memory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070513230000/http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/mortgatelandlordpossession.htm">"[ARCHIVED CONTENT] UK Government Web Archive – The National Archives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/mortgatelandlordpossession.htm">the original</a> on 13 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/media/press/2456">"CML.org.uk"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-10950327">"Home repossessions fall further in UK"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 12 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch" title="Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch">Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch</a>, §§ 229, 562b, 592 etc.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avvocatorecuperocrediti.it/recuperare-giudizialmente-i-crediti-a-ottenere-un-titolo-esecutivo/">"Recuperare giudizialmente i crediti: a) ottenere un titolo esecutivo"</a> (in Italian). 26 July 2024.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.altalex.com/guide/pignoramento-mobiliare">"Il pignoramento mobiliare: la guida completa"</a> (in Italian). 11 December 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laleggepertutti.it/660130_rubare-una-cosa-rubata-e-reato">"Rubare una cosa rubata è reato?"</a> (in Italian). 16 December 2023.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>New Zealand: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consumer.org.nz/topic.asp?category=Legal%20Rights&subcategory=Credit&docid=243&topic=Repossession&title=Your%20rights&contenttype=summary&bhcp=1">Consumer aid in dealing with Repossession</a></li>

<li>United Kingdom:

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizensadvice.org.uk">Citizens Advice Bureau</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cml.org.uk/cml/media/press/2456">CML Stats & Forecast</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070513230000/http://www.justice.gov.uk/publications/mortgatelandlordpossession.htm">Ministry of Justice</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917021619/http://www.hrac.org.uk/">Homeowners Rescue Advice Centre</a></li></ul></li>

<li>United States:

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/pubs/consumer/autos/aut14.shtm">FTC Facts for Consumers on Vehicle Repossession</a></li>

<li>Michigan: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.gov/taxes/0,1607,7-238-43535_55601_55604-234906--,00.html">Tax Foreclosed Real Property Auction Results</a></li></ul></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Consumer_debt175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Consumer_debt" title="Consumer debt">Consumer debt</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Annual_percentage_rate" title="Annual percentage rate">Annual percentage rate (APR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Effective_annual_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective annual rate">Effective annual rate (EAR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Credit_history" title="Credit history">Credit history</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Unsecured_debt" title="Unsecured debt">Unsecured</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Credit_card_debt" title="Credit card debt">Credit card debt</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cash_advance" class="mw-redirect" title="Cash advance">cash advance</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Overdraft" title="Overdraft">Overdraft</a></li>

<li><a href="Payday_loan" title="Payday loan">Payday loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal loan">Personal loan</a> / <a href="Signature_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Signature loan">Signature loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Moneylender" class="mw-redirect" title="Moneylender">Moneylender</a></li>

<li><a href="Microcredit" title="Microcredit">Microcredit</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Secured_loan" title="Secured loan">Secured</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage loan</a> / <a href="Home_equity_loan" title="Home equity loan">Home equity loan</a> (<a href="Home_equity_line_of_credit" title="Home equity line of credit">credit line</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Remortgage" title="Remortgage">Remortgage</a></li>

<li><a href="Title_loan" title="Title loan">Car title loan</a> / <a href="Logbook_loan" title="Logbook loan">Logbook loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Refund_anticipation_loan" title="Refund anticipation loan">Tax refund anticipation loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Pawnbroker" title="Pawnbroker">Pawnbroker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Debt_consolidation" title="Debt consolidation">Consolidation</a></li>

<li><a href="Credit_counseling" title="Credit counseling">Credit counseling</a> / <a href="Debt_management_plan" title="Debt management plan">Management plan</a> / <a href="Debt_settlement" title="Debt settlement">Settlement</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_bankruptcy" title="Personal bankruptcy">Personal bankruptcy</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">Foreclosure</a> / </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Personal_finance" title="Personal finance">Personal finance</a></li>

<li><a href="Alternative_financial_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative financial services">Alternative financial services</a></li>

<li><a href="Financial_literacy" title="Financial literacy">Financial literacy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Real_estate571" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Real_estate571" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Real_estate" title="Real estate">Real estate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Property" title="Property">Property</a></li>

<li><a href="Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Tertiary sector of the economy</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Real_estate_in_Bangladesh" title="Real estate in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_China" title="Real estate in China">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Italy" title="Real estate in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Kenya" title="Real estate in Kenya">Kenya</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Pakistan" title="Real estate in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Panama" title="Real estate in Panama">Panama</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Real estate in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Russia">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Real estate in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial property</a>

<ul><li><a href="Commercial_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial building">Commercial building</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Corporate_Real_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Real Estate">Corporate Real Estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Extraterrestrial_real_estate" title="Extraterrestrial real estate">Extraterrestrial real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="International_real_estate" title="International real estate">International real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Lease_administration" title="Lease administration">Lease administration</a></li>

<li><a href="Niche_real_estate" title="Niche real estate">Niche real estate</a>

<ul><li><a href="Garden_real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden real estate">Garden real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Healthcare_real_estate" title="Healthcare real estate">Healthcare real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Vacation_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Vacation property">Vacation property</a></li>

<li><a href="Arable_land" title="Arable land">Arable land</a></li>

<li><a href="Golf_property" title="Golf property">Golf property</a></li>

<li><a href="Luxury_real_estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury real estate">Luxury real estate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Off-plan_property" title="Off-plan property">Off-plan property</a></li>

<li><a href="Private_equity_real_estate" title="Private equity real estate">Private equity real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_owned" title="Real estate owned">Real estate owned</a></li>

<li><a href="Residential_property" class="mw-redirect" title="Residential property">Residential property</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_development" title="Real estate development">Real estate development</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_investing" title="Real estate investing">Real estate investing</a></li>

<li><a href="Flipping" title="Flipping">Real estate flipping</a></li>

<li><a href="Relocation_service" title="Relocation service">Relocation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Property_law" title="Property law">Law</a> and regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adverse_possession" title="Adverse possession">Adverse possession</a></li>

<li><a href="Chain_of_title" title="Chain of title">Chain of title</a></li>

<li><a href="Closing_(real_estate)" title="Closing (real estate)">Closing</a></li>

<li><a href="Concurrent_estate" title="Concurrent estate">Concurrent estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Conditional_sale" title="Conditional sale">Conditional sale</a></li>

<li><a href="Conveyancing" title="Conveyancing">Conveyancing</a></li>

<li><a href="Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">Eminent domain</a></li>

<li><a href="Encumbrance" title="Encumbrance">Encumbrance</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreclosure" title="Foreclosure">Foreclosure</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_cause_eviction" title="Just cause eviction">Just cause eviction</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_registration" title="Land registration">Land registration</a></li>

<li><a href="Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Leasehold estate</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lease" title="Lease">Lease</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Property_abstract" title="Property abstract">Property abstract</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_transaction" title="Real estate transaction">Real estate transaction</a>

<ul><li><a href="Real_estate_contract" title="Real estate contract">Real estate contract</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Real_property" title="Real property">Real property</a></li>

<li><a href="Rent_regulation" title="Rent regulation">Rent regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Severance_(land)" title="Severance (land)">Severance</a></li>

<li><a href="Torrens_title" title="Torrens title">Torrens title</a></li>

<li><a href="Zoning" title="Zoning">Zoning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economics, financing<br>and valuation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asset-based_lending" title="Asset-based lending">Asset-based lending</a></li>

<li><a href="Capitalization_rate" title="Capitalization rate">Capitalization rate</a></li>

<li><a href="Cash_out_refinancing" title="Cash out refinancing">Cash out refinancing</a></li>

<li><a href="Effective_gross_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Effective gross income">Effective gross income</a></li>

<li><a href="Gross_rent_multiplier" title="Gross rent multiplier">Gross rent multiplier</a></li>

<li><a href="Hard_money_loan" title="Hard money loan">Hard money loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Highest_and_best_use" title="Highest and best use">Highest and best use</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_equity" title="Home equity">Home equity</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_equity_investments" title="Home equity investments">Home equity investments</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_equity_loan" title="Home equity loan">Home equity loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_equity_line_of_credit" title="Home equity line of credit">Home equity line of credit</a></li>

<li><a href="Investment_rating_for_real_estate" title="Investment rating for real estate">Investment rating for real estate</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortgage_insurance" title="Mortgage insurance">Mortgage insurance</a></li>

<li><a href="Mortgage_loan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortgage loan">Mortgage loan</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_equity" title="Negative equity">Negative equity</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_derivative" title="Real estate derivative">Real estate derivative</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate economics</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate bubble">Real estate bubble</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_valuation" class="mw-redirect" title="Real estate valuation">Real estate valuation</a></li>

<li><a href="Remortgage" title="Remortgage">Remortgage</a></li>

<li><a href="Rental_value" title="Rental value">Rental value</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_mortgage" title="Reverse mortgage">Reverse mortgage</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Real_estate_appraisal" title="Real estate appraisal">Appraiser</a></li>

<li><a href="Buyer_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyer agent">Buyer agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Buyer_broker" class="mw-redirect" title="Buyer broker">Buyer broker</a></li>

<li><a href="Chartered_Surveyor" title="Chartered Surveyor">Chartered Surveyor</a></li>

<li><a href="Exclusive_buyer_agent" title="Exclusive buyer agent">Exclusive buyer agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_banking" title="Land banking">Land banking</a></li>

<li><a href="Landlord" title="Landlord">Landlord</a></li>

<li><a href="Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li>

<li><a href="Property_manager" title="Property manager">Property manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Real estate broker</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_investment_club" title="Real estate investment club">Real estate investment club</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_investment_trust" title="Real estate investment trust">Real estate investment trust</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_property_administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="Real property administrator">Real property administrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Leasehold_estate" title="Leasehold estate">Tenant</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Companies</li>

<li><a href="Eviction" title="Eviction">Eviction</a></li>

<li><a href="Filtering_(housing)" title="Filtering (housing)">Filtering</a></li>

<li><a href="Gentrification" title="Gentrification">Gentrification</a></li>

<li><a href="Graduate_real_estate_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate real estate education">Graduate real estate education</a></li>

<li><a href="Green_belt" title="Green belt">Green belt</a></li>

<li>Indices</li>

<li>Industry trade groups</li>

<li><a href="List_of_real_estate_investment_firms" title="List of real estate investment firms">Investment firms</a></li>

<li><a href="Land_banking" title="Land banking">Land banking</a></li>

<li>People</li>

<li><a href="Property_cycle" title="Property cycle">Property cycle</a></li>

<li><a href="Real_estate_trends" title="Real estate trends">Real estate trends</a></li>

<li><a href="Undergraduate_real_estate_programs" class="mw-redirect" title="Undergraduate real estate programs">Undergraduate real estate programs</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">Urban decay</a></li>

<li><a href="Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban planning</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_housing_markets_by_real_estate_prices" class="mw-redirect" title="List of housing markets by real estate prices">List of housing markets by real estate prices</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> <b>Category</b></li>

<li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Realty" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Realty"><b>Commons</b></a></li>

<li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"></span></span> <b><a href="Index_of_real_estate_articles" title="Index of real estate articles">List of topics</a></b></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Repossession&oldid=1288268821">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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